Vietnam has strong policy architecture driving this shift, including PM Pham Minh Chinh’s Directive No. 07/CT-TTg, Resolution No. 57-NQ/TW, and the State Bank’s Decision 810, but readiness across the sector is uneven, with some institutions advanced on cloud and channels while others are still closer to “digitized processes” than true integrated ecosystems. Cross-regional benchmarks show that even in Europe, PSD2-driven ecosystem maturity took five to seven years after regulation. For Vietnam, meaningful real-time ecosystem integration is realistically a three to five year journey for most institutions, with the 12-month window best used for foundation-setting.